Path

Paths point to things—they lead to files and folders. With the path package in the Go language we can handle paths for web sites.

With filepath, meanwhile, we can parse Windows paths on Windows computers. Filepath supports the native path format for the present computer.

First example

To begin we have a URL from Wikipedia. We can call path.Split to get the file name from the URL. The rest of the path is the directory (the Dir).

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "path"
)

func main() {

    example := "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu_version_history"

    // Split will get the last part after the last slash.
    // ... This is the file.
    // ... The dir is the part before the file.
    dir, file := path.Split(example)
    fmt.Println(dir)
    fmt.Println(file)
}
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Ubuntu_version_history

Base, Dir

Sometimes we want more specific path parts in a program. We can use methods like Base() and Dir() to get parts from a path string. The Split() func is not needed.

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "path"
)

func main() {

    example := "/home/bird"

    // Base returns the file name after the last slash.
    file := path.Base(example)
    fmt.Println(file)

    // Dir returns the directory without the last file name.
    dir := path.Dir(example)
    fmt.Println(dir)
}
bird
/home

Filepath

Suppose you are running Go on a Windows computer. The filepath module is ideal for parsing paths on Windows—it can handle backslashes.

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "path/filepath"
)

func main() {
    fmt.Println("[RUN ON WINDOWS]")
    // Split into directory and file name.
    dir, file := filepath.Split("C:\\programs\\test.file")
    fmt.Println("Dir:", dir)
    fmt.Println("File:", file)

    // Get volume (drive letter).
    volume := filepath.VolumeName("C:\\programs\\test.file")
    fmt.Println("Volume:", volume)
}
[RUN ON WINDOWS]
Dir: C:\programs\
File: test.file
Volume: C:

PathSeparator

Go can tell us the current platform's path separator. This is found in the "os" module, as it is OS-specific. On Windows and Linux this will return different values.

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "os"
)

func main() {
    fmt.Println(string(os.PathSeparator))

    // Use separator in a concatenation.
    result := "dir" + string(os.PathSeparator)
    fmt.Println(result)
}
/
dir/

Paths can be parsed directly in Go, with loops and char tests. But the path and filepath packages provide built-in functions that are easier to add.