ListenAndServe. A simple web server has many uses—it can be used to develop local websites. With the net http package in Go, we can develop simple web servers.
Notes, HandleFunc. With http.HandleFunc we can register functions to handle URLs for the web server. We call ListenAndServe to start the server.
An example. To begin we import the "net/http" package. In main() we invoke HandleFunc 3 times. We specify 3 methods (test0, test1, and test2).
Detail For each func used with HandleFunc, we receive 2 arguments. We can use the ResponseWriter to write a response.
And We can test the http.Request for more information like the URL and its Path.
package main
import (
"fmt""html""log""net/http"
)
func test0(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
// Handles top-level page.
fmt.Fprintf(w, "You are on the home page")
}
func test1(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
// Handles about page.// ... Get the path from the URL of the request.
path := html.EscapeString(r.URL.Path)
fmt.Fprintf(w, "Now you are on: %q", path)
}
func test2(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
// Handles "images" page.
fmt.Fprintf(w, "Image page")
}
func main() {
// Add handle funcs for 3 pages.
http.HandleFunc("/", test0)
http.HandleFunc("/about", test1)
http.HandleFunc("/images", test2)
// Run the web server.
log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil))
}
Notes, log.Fatal. We call http.ListenAndServe within the log.Fatal method call. We specify the server port 8080—this is used in your web browser.
Tip After running Go on the program, open your web browser and type in the localhost domain.
Then Go to "/about" and "images" on the localhost domain. The pages should show the messages from the test methods.
Header, image content type. We can write an image to the response in Go. In a HandleFunc, we can call Header() and then Set the Content-type.
Here We read in a local image from the disk. We write its bytes to the response when the "image" path is accessed.
And Checking the headers, we can see that the response has the correct content type of "image/jpeg."
package main
import (
"bufio""io/ioutil""log""net/http""os"
)
func Image(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
// Open a JPG file.
f, _ := os.Open("/home/sam/coin.jpg")
// Read the entire JPG file into memory.
reader := bufio.NewReader(f)
content, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(reader)
// Set the Content Type header.
w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "image/jpeg")
// Write the image to the response.
w.Write(content)
}
func main() {
// Use this URL.
http.HandleFunc("/image", Image)
// Run.
log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil))
}
A summary. Building a simple server in Go is not difficult. And for many projects, a simple server can be used to make development easier.
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This page was last updated on Dec 1, 2022 (edit link).