Ruby - DateTime Examples: require date

DateTime. In Ruby consider the DateTime class. It fetches the current date and relative dates. We use operators to adjust days and months. We can even check for leap years.

An example. This program gets the current date with DateTime.now. It also shows how to access the month, day and year parts of the DateTime.

Note When this program was run, it was the last day of March. The output shows the correct values.

Detail This returns the numeric form of the month. So January will be equal to 1. And December will be equal to 12.

Detail This returns the numeric day integer. The first day of the month is 1. The last day depends on the month in question.

Detail The year is also stored in integer representation. It contains the full year number, not a shortened form.

require "date" # Get current date. current = DateTime.now # Print current month, day and year. print "Month: ", current.month, "\n" print " Day: ", current.day, "\n" print " Year: ", current.year, "\n"

Month: 2 Day: 21 Year: 2017

Add, subtract. We can add or subtract an integer from a Date. Subtracting one yields the previous day, and adding one moves to the next day. In this way, we compute yesterday and tomorrow.

Note Only integers are supported here. If you try adding or subtracting a floating-point number, the fractional part is ignored.

require "date" # First day of 2014. d = Date.new(2014, 1, 1) # Subtract one day to get the last day of 2013. subtract = d - 1 # Add one day to get the next day. add = d + 1 # Display values. puts subtract puts d puts add

2013-12-31 2014-01-01 2014-01-02

Gm, local. We create arbitrary times with the Time.gm and Time.local methods. Time.gm returns a UTC time. Time.local returns a time adjusted for your local time zone.

Here In this program, I pass the year, month, and day to these methods. These are the first three arguments.

Further We can pass more arguments to Time.gm to increase the accuracy of your time. Here I pass 6.

Detail This has the same effect as local. If it is easier for you to remember mktime, then you can use it instead.

# Create a UTC time for the specified values. t = Time.gm(2013, "mar", 15) puts t # Create time with local time zone. t = Time.local(2010, "apr", 10) puts t # More arguments can be passed. t = Time.gm(2012, "jun", 30, 6, 30, 30, 50) puts t

2013-03-15 00:00:00 UTC 2010-04-10 00:00:00 -0700 2012-06-30 06:30:30 UTC

Leap. This method tells us if a year is a leap year or not. Leap years have an extra day. We must first create a Date object with the Date.new initialize method.

Note For testing leap years, the day and month are not relevant. Just the year is needed.

require "date" def days_in_year(year) d = Date.new(year, 1, 1) # See if the year is a leap year. if d.leap? return 366 else return 365 end end # Test years for leap status. 2000.upto(2010) do |year| puts year.to_s << " has " << days_in_year(year).to_s << " days" end

2000 has 366 days 2001 has 365 days 2002 has 365 days 2003 has 365 days 2004 has 366 days 2005 has 365 days 2006 has 365 days 2007 has 365 days 2008 has 366 days 2009 has 365 days 2010 has 365 days

Upto, downto. Dates have helpful iterators. In Ruby we often prefer iterators over loops. For upto, the initial date is incremented upwards, a day at a time. And downto decrements the day.

Detail With iterators we specify a block that has a variable in it. With dates, this variable represents an interim day.

Iterator

require "date" d1 = Date.new(2014, 10, 5) d2 = Date.new(2014, 10, 7) puts "upto" # Iterate from low to high date. d1.upto(d2) do |d| puts d end puts "downto" # Iterate from high to low date. d2.downto(d1) do |d| puts d end

upto 2014-10-05 2014-10-06 2014-10-07 downto 2014-10-07 2014-10-06 2014-10-05

Step. This iterator is more flexible than upto or downto. We specify the "increment" or decrement value. So a step of 7 advances an entire week on each iteration.

Detail Step terminates when the next value reached has gone past the target value.

Also Negative steps are allowed. With a negative step we can go backwards in time.

require "date" first = Date.new(2014, 10, 1) last = Date.new(2014, 11, 1) # Advance seven days each iteration (these are Wednesdays). first.step(last, 7) do |d| puts d end

2014-10-01 2014-10-08 2014-10-15 2014-10-22 2014-10-29

Next. The next and succ methods return the successive date—the "tomorrow" date. To me, the next() method is more clearly named. In this program, I specify the end date of October.

Here These methods return the first day of November. Succ and next roll over from October to November.

require "date" d = Date.new(2014, 10, 31) # Get the next date with succ or next. d2 = d.succ puts d2 d2 = d.next puts d2

2014-11-01 2014-11-01

Months. We use shift operators with two greater than (or less than) signs to add (or subtract) months. This changes the month in a date. The plus and minus are used for days.

require "date" d = Date.new(2015, 5, 1) # Add two months to the date. d2 = d >> 2 puts d2 # Subtract three months from the date. d3 = d << 3 puts d3

2015-07-01 2015-02-01

Wday. This number indicates the "day of week" or weekday of a date. It returns the numbers 0 through 6, with 0 meaning Sunday and 6 meaning Saturday.

And When we call the next method the wday increments, unless it rolls over to 0 again.

require "date" # This is a Sunday, so its number is 0. d = Date.new(2014, 10, 5) puts d.wday # Next day is a Monday (number 1). d = d.next puts d.wday # Tuesday (number 2). d = d.next puts d.wday # One week later is Tuesday again. d += 7 puts d.wday

0 1 2 2

Dot Net Perls is a collection of tested code examples. Pages are continually updated to stay current, with code correctness a top priority.

Sam Allen is passionate about computer languages. In the past, his work has been recommended by Apple and Microsoft and he has studied computers at a selective university in the United States.

This page was last updated on Nov 15, 2023 (edit).

Home

Changes